Standard precautions are taken in all situations for all clients and involve all body secretions except sweat and

are designed to reduce the rate of transmission of microbes from one host to another or one source (environment

such as the client’s bedside table) to another. Safety and Infection Control

Chemotherapy causes damage to cells, and uric acid is a cell metabolite. Physiological Adaptation

Parents should be taught to wash their hands before and after providing cord care. This prevents transferring pathogens to and from the cord. Folding the diaper below the cord exposes the cord to air and allows for drying. It also prevents wet or soiled diapers from coming into contact with the cord. Current recommendations include cleaning the area around the cord 3–4 times a day with a cotton swab but do not include putting alcohol or other antimicrobials on the cord. It is normal for the cord to turn dark as it dries .Health Promotion and Maintenance 

Eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. This condition can cause seizure and/or coma. Choices 1 and 3 are abnormal conditions that can cause bleeding, particularly in the third trimester. Choice 4 is a major obstetrical emergency that can cause bleeding internally and externally. Safety and Infection Control

Normal serum potassium levels fall in a range of 3.5–5.5mEq/L. The other choices listed fall below or above this range. Reduction of Risk Potential

Childhood sexual abuse is associated with adult-onset depression and with an increased risk for lifetime and current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). About one-third of all victims of sexual abuse meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. A person with PTSD has three main types of symptoms: (1) Re-experiencing the traumatic event with flashbacks, nightmares, and exaggerated reactions to triggers that remind the person of the event. (2) Emotional numbing is evidenced by avoidance of activities, places, thoughts, feelings, or conversations related to the trauma; feelings of detachment from others; and restricted or blunted emotions. (3) Increased activity is seen in bursts of anger, difficulty sleeping, hypervigilence, difficulty concentrating, and an exaggerated startle response. Other problems associated with PTSD are panic attacks, suicidal thoughts and feelings, substance abuse, eating disorders, feelings of alienation and isolation, and feelings of mistrust and betrayal. Psychosocial Integrity

Chickenpox (varicella) is an acute, infectious, airborne illness that requires others in direct contact to wear a respirator mask. Safety and Infection Control.